People in the Mediterranean have always been known for their healthy eating habits, and it seems that even 4,000 years ago, ancient Syrians were no exception. A recent study has found that the diet of ancient Syrians closely resembled what we now know as the Mediterranean diet, which is celebrated for its numerous health benefits. Through stable isotope ratio analysis, researchers were able to determine the types of foods consumed by the inhabitants of Tell Tweini in Syria during the Bronze and Iron Ages.
The findings of the study suggest that the residents of Tell Tweini relied heavily on a plant-based diet, with a focus on whole grains, fruits, and vegetables such as olives and grapes. Their consumption of animal protein was relatively low, indicating that they primarily used their domesticated animals for work, milk, and wool rather than for meat. This plant-based diet aligns closely with what is now considered a typical Mediterranean diet, emphasizing the importance of bread, olives, pulses, dairy products, and small amounts of meat for overall health and wellbeing.
The high levels of carbon 13 isotopes found in the preserved seeds at Tell Tweini suggest that the crops were well-nourished and watered throughout the site’s history. Evidence of animal manure usage also explains the elevated levels of nitrogen 15 isotopes observed in the plants. Despite being located close to the coast, the inhabitants of Tell Tweini did not consume a significant amount of seafood, relying more on their cultivated crops for sustenance.
The excavation of the site revealed that olive oil production became a primary economic activity for the people of Tell Tweini during the Iron Age. Every house had installations related to olive oil production, indicating the importance of this industry in the region. Even after the collapse of Ugarit in 1200 BCE due to crop failure and famine, the inhabitants of Tell Tweini continued their olive oil production without significant impact on their food supply.
The study’s findings shed light on the sustainability and resilience of a Mediterranean-like diet in supporting human populations over millennia. The ancient Syrians’ ability to adapt to environmental challenges and maintain a healthy diet speaks to the effectiveness of their agricultural practices and dietary choices. Despite facing periods of aridity and societal upheaval, the inhabitants of Tell Tweini managed to thrive and sustain themselves through their reliance on a plant-based diet.
The study of ancient dietary habits at Tell Tweini offers valuable insights into the origins of the Mediterranean diet and its enduring impact on human health. By understanding the dietary choices of past civilizations, we can learn valuable lessons about the importance of a balanced diet rich in plant-based foods. The ancient Syrians’ ability to flourish in a fertile environment with a stable climate serves as a testament to the timelessness and efficacy of the Mediterranean diet in promoting overall wellbeing and longevity.
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